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The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a vendor-neutral link layer protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors The protocol is formally referred to by the IEEE as Station and…
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CDP stand for Cisco Discovery Protocol and is a Cisco Proprietary Protocol and Interfaces must support SNAP ( Support Subnetwork Access Protocol ) Headers The standard industry equivalent is LLDP. CDP isn’t just a simple protocol there is more…
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The IPV4 Option is in the IHL ‘Internet Header Length’ Field, it is a minimum value of 5 and if it is that mean that there is no options configured and we have a 20 bytes ip header. The Internet…
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IP Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) IPv4 routers will fragment automatically to fit within the MTU (unless DF – Don’t Fragment option is set). IPv6 routers will not fragment, and will drop packets that are larger than MTU. IPv4 requires that…
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Time to live (TTL) is a hop limit set to limit the lifetime of data on a network. This prevents data from looping endlessly. Each hop decrements the value by 1. If TTL reaches 0, the data is discarded and…
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ICMP offers troubleshooting facility as well as error reporting for the packets 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2…
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From what i understand is that a micro-burst occurs when a specific amount of data (in bytes) is exceeded in a given time interval. Example when you do a show interface | in Input and by repeat this command the numbers…
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RFC 793 ( pages 20 and up ) TCP is the protocol that make sure that the transmission is done without losing any packet by going through a set of operation for the order of transmission and for any duplication detection….
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Asymmetric routing is when Packets follow different paths depending on the direction. Asymmetric routing is one of the two most common causes of flooding.
This happen when the switch does not have the destination mac address in his Layer 2 table. It is call an Unknown unicast , it Floods frame out all interfaces in the same VLAN, except the interface on which the frame was received….
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